shizophrenia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Schizophrenia (disambiguation).
Schizophrenia
Artistic view of how the world feels like with schizophrenia - journal.pmed.0020146.g001.jpg
Self-portrait of a person with schizophrenia, representing that individual's perception of the distorted experience of reality in the disorder
Classification and external resources
Pronunciation /ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə, ˌskɪdz-, -oʊ-, -ˈfrɛniə/[1]
Specialty Psychiatry
ICD-10 F20
ICD-9-CM 295
OMIM 181500
DiseasesDB 11890
MedlinePlus 000928
eMedicine med/2072 emerg/520
Patient UK Schizophrenia
MeSH F03.700.750
[edit on Wikidata]
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is real.[2] Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, hearing voices, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation.[2][3] People with schizophrenia often have additional mental health problems such as anxiety disorders, major depressive illness, or substance use disorder.[4] Symptoms typically come on gradually, begin in young adulthood, and last a long time.[3][5]
The causes of schizophrenia include environmental and genetic factors.[6] Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use, certain infections, parental age, and poor nutrition during pregnancy.[6][7] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants.[8] Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the person's reported experiences.[5] During diagnosis a person's culture must also be taken into account.[5] As of 2013 there is no objective test.[5] Schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality" or "multiple personality disorder" — a condition with which it has been confused with in public perception.[9]
The mainstay of treatment is antipsychotic medication along with counselling, job training, and social rehabilitation.[2][6] It is unclear if typical or atypical antipsychotics are better.[10] In those who do not improve with other antipsychotics, clozapine may be used.[6] In more serious cases—where there is risk to self or others—involuntary hospitalization may be necessary, although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they once were.[11]
About 0.3–0.7% of people are affected by schizophrenia during their lifetime.[12] In 2013 there was estimated to be 23.6 million cases globally.[13] Males are more often affected than females.[2] About 20% of people do well and a few recover completely.[5] Social problems, such as long-term unemployment, poverty, and homelessness are common.[5][14] The average life expectancy of people with the disorder is ten to twenty-five years less than the average.[15] This is the result of increased physical health problems and a higher suicide rate (about 5%).[12][16] In 2013 an estimated 16,000 people died from behavior related to, or caused by, schizophrenia.[17]
Contents [hide]
1 Symptoms
1.1 Positive and negative
1.2 Cognitive dysfunction
1.3 Onset
2 Causes
2.1 Genetic
2.2 Environment
3 Mechanisms
3.1 Psychological
3.2 Neurological
4 Diagnosis
4.1 Criteria
4.2 Subtypes
4.3 Differential diagnosis
5 Prevention
6 Management
6.1 Medication
6.2 Psychosocial
7 Prognosis
8 Epidemiology
9 History
10 Society and culture
10.1 Violence
11 Research directions
12 References
13 External links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Schizophrenia (disambiguation).
Schizophrenia
Artistic view of how the world feels like with schizophrenia - journal.pmed.0020146.g001.jpg
Self-portrait of a person with schizophrenia, representing that individual's perception of the distorted experience of reality in the disorder
Classification and external resources
Pronunciation /ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə, ˌskɪdz-, -oʊ-, -ˈfrɛniə/[1]
Specialty Psychiatry
ICD-10 F20
ICD-9-CM 295
OMIM 181500
DiseasesDB 11890
MedlinePlus 000928
eMedicine med/2072 emerg/520
Patient UK Schizophrenia
MeSH F03.700.750
[edit on Wikidata]
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is real.[2] Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, hearing voices, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation.[2][3] People with schizophrenia often have additional mental health problems such as anxiety disorders, major depressive illness, or substance use disorder.[4] Symptoms typically come on gradually, begin in young adulthood, and last a long time.[3][5]
The causes of schizophrenia include environmental and genetic factors.[6] Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use, certain infections, parental age, and poor nutrition during pregnancy.[6][7] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants.[8] Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the person's reported experiences.[5] During diagnosis a person's culture must also be taken into account.[5] As of 2013 there is no objective test.[5] Schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality" or "multiple personality disorder" — a condition with which it has been confused with in public perception.[9]
The mainstay of treatment is antipsychotic medication along with counselling, job training, and social rehabilitation.[2][6] It is unclear if typical or atypical antipsychotics are better.[10] In those who do not improve with other antipsychotics, clozapine may be used.[6] In more serious cases—where there is risk to self or others—involuntary hospitalization may be necessary, although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they once were.[11]
About 0.3–0.7% of people are affected by schizophrenia during their lifetime.[12] In 2013 there was estimated to be 23.6 million cases globally.[13] Males are more often affected than females.[2] About 20% of people do well and a few recover completely.[5] Social problems, such as long-term unemployment, poverty, and homelessness are common.[5][14] The average life expectancy of people with the disorder is ten to twenty-five years less than the average.[15] This is the result of increased physical health problems and a higher suicide rate (about 5%).[12][16] In 2013 an estimated 16,000 people died from behavior related to, or caused by, schizophrenia.[17]
Contents [hide]
1 Symptoms
1.1 Positive and negative
1.2 Cognitive dysfunction
1.3 Onset
2 Causes
2.1 Genetic
2.2 Environment
3 Mechanisms
3.1 Psychological
3.2 Neurological
4 Diagnosis
4.1 Criteria
4.2 Subtypes
4.3 Differential diagnosis
5 Prevention
6 Management
6.1 Medication
6.2 Psychosocial
7 Prognosis
8 Epidemiology
9 History
10 Society and culture
10.1 Violence
11 Research directions
12 References
13 External links
